The University of Texas at Austin

Current Energy Legal Literature

About the “Current Energy Legal Literature” website:

The "Current Energy Legal Literature" website is a resource for keeping informed of current articles concerned with development and regulation of energy resources and related policy, primarily in the United States. The emphasis is on renewable and alternative energy sources and new developments in traditional sources, including articles about directly applicable environmental law. Articles are selected from all English language law reviews and journals received by the Law Library, both domestic and foreign. This service is edited by Amanda Runyon, reference librarian at the Tarlton Law Library.

Law Library staff reviews law journals and law reviews (and a great many other legal periodicals) as they are received in the library. We examine the table of contents of all of these publications and identify any article concerning this topic. We then input the basic bibliographic information about each article into this database, and scan the first page of the article. The availability of the first page of the article should better enable readers to know if they are interested in reading the whole article.

This page is RSS-enabled. Subscribe to the RSS feed using a feed reader, or RSS-enabled browser (Firefox, Safari, or IE 7) to receive automatic notices of updates. The RSS feed address is http://tarlton.webhost.utexas.edu/energy/rss.cfm.

The Library provides this service under the “fair use” provision of U.S. copyright law. Only the first page of an article will be scanned, and images will be deleted after 60 days. This service is for non-commercial, educational purposes only.

If you have any comments about this service, please contact reference librarian Amanda Runyon, .

Click article title to view a .pdf file of its first page.
Articles are listed in reverse chronological order:
November 18, 2009

Author: Andrew Gilfoil
Title: COMMENT, Baby You Can Drive My Car: Rethinking Greenhouse Gas Emissions Preemption in Light of Massachusetts and Green Mountain Chrysler
Citation: 28 Saint Louis University Public Law Review 559 (2009)

November 9, 2009

Author: Sara C. Bronin
Title: Solar Rights
Citation: 89 Boston University Law Review 1217 (2009)

Author: Louis Van Gorder
Title: Beyond Borders: An Ecosystem Approach to Environmental Regulation
Citation: 14 Roger Williams University Law Review 729 (2009)

Author: Ed Feo and Josh Ludmir
Title: Challenges in the Development and Financing of Offshore Wind Energy
Citation: 14 Roger Williams University Law Review 672 (2009)

Author: Peter J. Schaumberg and Angela F. Colamaria
Title: Siting Renewable Energy Projects on the Outer Continental Shelf: Spin, Baby, Spin!
Citation: 14 Roger Williams University Law Review 624 (2009)

Author: Jack K. Sterne, et al.
Title: The Seven Principles of Ocean Renewable Energy: A Shared Vision and a Call for Action
Citation: 14 Roger Williams University Law Review 600 (2009)

Author: Megan Higgins
Title: Is Marine Renewable Energy a Viable Industry in the United States? Lessons Learned from the 7th Marine Law Symposium
Citation: 14 Roger Williams University Law Review 562 (2009)

October 27, 2009

Author: Mariah Zebrowski
Title: Note: Nuclear Power as Carbon Free Energy - The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
Citation: 20 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 391 (2009)

October 21, 2009

Author: Stefan Speck
Title: The Design of Carbon and Broad-based Energy Taxes in European Countries
Citation: 10 Vermont Journal of Environmental Law 31 (2008)

October 16, 2009

Author: Robert A. Wyman, Leila B. Azari, Delvan Dickson, Patricia A. Eberwine, Marie Ly, and Emily Taylor
Title: Significant Climate Issues Likely to be Raised in the Federal Courts
Citation: 39 Environmental Law Reporter 10925 (2009)

Author: Amy Sinden
Title: Revenue-Neutral Cap and Trade
Citation: 39 Environmental Law Reporter 10944 (2009)

Author: Melinda Harm Benson
Title: Integrating Adaptive Management and Oil and Gas
Citation: 39 Environmental Law Reporter 10962 (2009)

Author: Daniel Pollak
Title: Adaptive Management in Hydropower Regulation
Citation: 39 Environmental Law Reporter 10979 (2009)

Author: Thomas Hutton
Title: Energy Policy Act Section 216: A Power Worth Preserving
Citation: 39 Environmental Law Reporter 11002 (2009)

Author: Hon. Joseph T. Kelliher and Maria Farinella
Title: SYMPOSIUM, The Changing Landscape of Federal Energy Law
Citation: 61 Administrative Law Review 611 (2009)

Author: Christopher Clement-Davies, Jeff Blount, Girard Miller, Anne-Marie Evans, and Philip Woodruff
Title: Renewables Investment
Citation: 6 International Energy Law Review 213 (2009)

Author: Joseph J. Kalo and Lisa C. Schiavinator
Title: Wind Over North Carolina Waters: The State's Preparedness to Address Offshore and Coastal Water-Based Wind Energy Projects
Citation: 87 North Carolina Law Review 819 (2009)

October 5, 2009

Author: Anatole Boute
Title: The Potential Contribution of International Investment Protection Law to Combat Climate Change
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law 333 (2009)

Author: Rachael A Hird
Title: Thomas W Wälde and Fair and Equitable Treatment
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law 377 (2009)

Author: Kaj Hobér
Title: Law and Policy in the Russian Oil and Gas Sector
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law 420 (2009)

Author: Antonio Riva Palacio Lavín
Title: Comments on the Reforms to the Mexican Energy Laws of 2008
Citation: 15 ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law 15 629 (2009)

Author: Shelley Welton
Title: COMMENT, Lessons Learned: Transferring the European Union's Experiences with Energy Efficiency Policy to China
Citation: 17 New York University Environmental Law Journal 1421 (2009)

Author: Arnold W. Reitze, Jr.
Title: Biofuels - Snake Oil for the Twenty-First Century
Citation: 87 Oregon Law Review 1183 (2009)

September 21, 2009

Author: Peter Z. Grossman
Title: U.S. Energy Policy and the Presumption of Market Failure
Citation: 29 Cato Journal 296 (2009)

September 9, 2009

Author: Matthew O'Hollearn
Title: The Iowa Power Fund: Making Iowa the Energy Capital of the World
Citation: 14 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 221 (2009)

Author: Paula Goodman Maccabee
Title: Pipelines, Power Lines, and Organic Farms
Citation: 14 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 19 (2009)

Author: Bruce A. McCarl and Fred O. Boadu
Title: NOTE, Bioenergy and U.S. Renewable Fuels Standards: Law, Economic, Policy/Climate Change and Implementation Concerns
Citation: 14 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 43 (2009)

Author: Braddock A. Massey
Title: NOTE, Pour Some Sugar In Me: How Importing and Supporting Sugarcane Ethanol Production Will Not Only Make Friends, But Save America from an Addiction to Foreign Oil…
Citation: 14 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 199 (2009)

Author: Matthew O'Hollearn
Title: The Iowa Power Fund: Making Iowa the Energy Capital of the World
Citation: 14 Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 221 (2009)

Author: Karlie Shea Clemons
Title: COMMENT, Hydroelectric Dams: Transboundary Environmental Effects and International Law
Citation: 36 Florida State University Law Review 487 (2009)

Author: James L. Smith
Title: World Oil: Market or Mayhem?
Citation: Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 2009, at 145

Author: Anthony Z. Roisman, Erin Honaker, and Ethan Spaner
Title: Regulating Nuclear Power in the New Millennium (the Role of the Public)
Citation: 26 Pace Environmental Law Review 317 (2009)

Author: Richard Webster and Julia LaMense
Title: Spotlight on Safety at Nuclear Power Plants: The View from Oyster Creek
Citation: 26 Pace Environmental Law Review 365 (2009)

Author: Tamar Jergensen Cerafici
Title: Is New Always Better? The Case for License Renewal in the Next Generation
Citation: 26 Pace Environmental Law Review 391 (2009)

Author: Michael J. Faure and Karine Fiore
Title: An Economic Analysis of the Nuclear Liability Subsidy
Citation: 26 Pace Environmental Law Review 419 (2009)

Author: Becky H. Diffen
Title: Competitive Renewable Energy Zones: How the Texas Wind Industry is Cracking the Chicken and Egg Problem
Citation: 46 Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Journal 47 (2009)

Author: Federico Caprotti
Title: China's Cleantech Landscape: The Renewable Energy Technology Paradox
Citation: Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Spring 2009, at 6

Author: Craig A. Hart and M.L. Rajora
Title: Overcoming Institutional Barriers to Biomass Power in China and India
Citation: Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Spring 2009, at 26

Author: Nitya Nanda and Nidhi Srivastava
Title: Clean Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights
Citation: Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Spring 2009, at 42

Author: Ursula Kazarian
Title: Evolving U.S. Clean Tech: Legislative Trends
Citation: Sustainable Development Law and Policy, Spring 2009, at 48

Author: Jim Martin and Ginny Brannon
Title: A Colorado Perspective: The Energy Economy
Citation: 27 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 269 (2009)

Author: Paul E. Farrell
Title: Climate Change Action in Connecticut: Linking Energy, the Environment and the Economy
Citation: 27 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 281 (2009)

Author: Ken Kimmell and Laurie Burt
Title: Massachusetts Takes On Climate Change
Citation: 27 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 295 (2009)

Author: Steve Owens
Title: Climate Change Action in Arizona
Citation: 27 UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 317 (2009)

September 3, 2009

Author: Edna Sussman
Title: The Energy Charter Treaty's Investor Protection Provisions: Potential to Foster Solutions to Global Warming and Promote Sustainable Development
Citation: 14 ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 391 (2008)

Author: Lucy Reed and Lucy Martinez
Title: The Energy Charter Treaty: An Overview
Citation: 14 ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 405 (2008)

Author: Martin Peder Maarbjerg
Title: The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease?
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 127 (2009)

Author: Amanda Forester
Title: The Big Three and Fuel Efficiency: How President Obama's Administration's Fuel Efficiency Efforts Will Affect the Big Three, the Economy, and the Environment
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 181 (2009)

Author: Mathew Pearl
Title: The Aftermath of the December 2008 Incident in East Tennessee Illuminates the Inadequate Regulation of Coal Ash Impoundments
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 195 (2009)

August 24, 2009

Author: Benjamin K. Sovacool and Kelly E. Sovacool
Title: Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States
Citation: 34 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 333 (2009)

Author: Lesley K. McAllister
Title: The Overallocation Problem in Cap-And-Trade: Moving Toward Stringency
Citation: 34 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 395 (2009)

Author: Elizabeth Burleson
Title: Energy Security, Green Job Creation, and Youth Innovation
Citation: 24 Connecticut Journal of International Law 381 (2009)

August 18, 2009

Author: John Burritt McArthur and Rick Harper
Title: BOOK REVIEW ESSAY, The State of the Natural Resources Literature: Global Warming, the Regulations Ahead, and the Oil and Gas Industry
Citation: 48 Natural Resources Journal 745 (2009)

Author: Daniel M. Gonzales
Title: COMMENT, Shockingly Certain: Why is the Public Utility Commission of Texas Steadfast in its Resolve to Keep Texas's Energy Market Deregulated Amidst Turmoil?
Citation: 10 Texas Tech Administrative Law Journal 497 (2009)

Author: C. Stephen Herlihy
Title: COMMENT, Trading Water for Gas: Application of the Public Interest Review to Coalbed Methane Produced Water Discharge in Wyoming
Citation: 9 Wyoming Law Review 455 (2009)

August 10, 2009

Author: Victor B. Flatt
Title: Paving the Legal Path for Carbon Sequestration from Coal
Citation: 19 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 211 (2009)

Author: David B. Hunter
Title: International Climate Negotiations: Opportunities and Challenges for the Obama Administration
Citation: 19 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 247 (2009)

Author: Noah M. Sachs
Title: Greening Demand: Energy Consumption and U.S. Climate Policy
Citation: 19 Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 295 (2009)

July 30, 2009

Author: Sam Headon
Title: Whose Sustainable Development? Sustainable Development Under the Kyoto Protocol, the Coldplay Effect, and the CDM Gold Standard
Citation: 20 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 127 (2009)

Author: Carrie Covington Doyle
Title: The Modern Oil Shale Boom: An Opportunity for Thoughtful Mineral Development
Citation: 20 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 253 (2009)

Author: Phoenix X. F. Cai
Title: Think Big and Ignore the Law: U.S. Corn and Ethanol Subsidies and WTO Law
Citation: 40 Georgetown Journal of International Law 865 (2009)

Author: Neil Keenan
Title: Global Warming due to Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Success of State Solutions as a Model for a Federal Solution
Citation: 34 Journal of Legislation 168 (2008)

July 24, 2009

Author: Chris Simard, David Holub, and Larina Taylor
Title: Lady Freyberg: Examples of How Contemporary Courts in Alberta Approach the Modern Business Realities of the Freehold Petroleum and Natural Gas Lease
Citation: 46 Alberta Law Review 299 (2009)

Author: Bernard J. Roth
Title: NAFTA, Alberta Oil Sands Royalties, and Change: Yes We Can?
Citation: 46 Alberta Law Review 355 (2009)

Author: John C. Goetz, Morella M. De Castro, Gray Taylor, and Karen Haugen-Kozyra
Title: Development of Carbon Emissions Trading in Canada
Citation: 46 Alberta Law Review 377 (2009)

Author: Peter W. Hogg
Title: Constitutional Authority Over Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Citation: 46 Alberta Law Review 507 (2009)

Author: Trevor D. Stiles
Title: Renewable Resources and the Dormant Commerce Clause
Citation: 4 Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Journal 33 (2009)

Author: Drew Thornley
Title: Texas Wind Energy: Past, Present, and Future
Citation: 4 Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Journal 68 (2009)

Author: Margaret Bryant
Title: Wind Energy in Texas: An Argument for Developing Offshore Wind Farms
Citation: 4 Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Journal 127 (2009)

Author: Jaw-Tyng Hwang
Title: Climate Change Litigation: Why California and other States May Stop Using Lawsuits to Force Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under the Clear Air Act
Citation: 4 Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Journal 157 (2009)

July 20, 2009

Author: Peter F. Chapman
Title: Offshore Renewable Energy Regulation: FERC and MMS Jurisdictional Dispute over Hydrokinetic Regulation Resolved?
Citation: 61 Administrative Law Review 423 (2009)

Author: Nutan B. Patel
Title: COMMENT, Is FERC still in the Picture?: The Primary Function Test as an Obstacle to FERC Regulation
Citation: 61 Administrative Law Review 441 (2009)

Author: Melanie McCammon
Title: COMMENT, Environmental Perspectives on Siting Wind Farms: Is Greater Federal Control Warranted?
Citation: 17 NYU Environmental Law Journal 1243 (2009)

Author: Steven Ferrey
Title: Auctioning the Building Blocks of Life: Carbon Auction, the Law, and Global Warming
Citation: 23 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 317 (2009)

Author: Alan Marshall
Title: Shaping a Sustainable World
Citation: 23 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 569 (2009)

Author: Nicholas J. Monaghan
Title: "Drill, Baby, Drill!": The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and America's Energy Reckoning
Citation: 23 Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 649 (2009)

Author: George A. Bibikos and Jeffrey C. King
Title: A Primer on Oil and Gas Law in the Marcellus Shale States
Citation: 4 Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law 155 (2008-2009)

Author: Sarah McQuillen Tran
Title: Why Have Developers Been Powerless to Develop Ocean Power?
Citation: 4 Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law 195 (2008-2009)

Author: Billie Ann Maxwell
Title: NOTE and COMMENT, Texas Tug of War: A Survey of Urban Drilling and the Issues an Operator Will Face
Citation: 4 Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law 337 (2008-2009)

Author: Jason B. Hutt and Mathew J. Armstrong
Title: Development of Energy Infrastructure: Will Taxpayers' Money Stimulate Environmental Reform?
Citation: The Federal Lawyer, June 26, 2009, at 39

Author: Lynne Gillette. Jeff Silvyn, and Rebecca Guiao
Title: Using Collaboration to Address Renewable Energy Siting Challenges
Citation: The Federal Lawyer, June 26, 2009, at 50

Author: Dr. Bruno Zeller
Title: Systems of Carbon Trading
Citation: 25 Touro Law Review 909 (2009)

Author: Christopher L. Lant
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Natural Resource Sustainability from the Geographical Side of Ecological Economics
Citation: 44 Tulsa Law Review 51 (2008)

Author: John C. Dernbach
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Navigating the U.S. Transition to Sustainability: Matching National Governance Challenges with Appropriate Legal Tools
Citation: 44 Tulsa Law Review 93 (2008)

Author: Irma S. Russell
Title: SYMPOSIUM, The Sustainability Principle in Sustainable Energy
Citation: 44 Tulsa Law Review 121 (2008)

Author: Alexandra B. Klass and Sara E. Bergan
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Carbon Sequestration and Sustainability
Citation: 44 Tulsa Law Review 237 (2008)

Author: Bill Bradbury
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Keynote Address: Energy Policy and Oregon's Future
Citation: 24 University of Oregon Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 1 (2009)

Author: Holly V. Campbell
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Emerging from the Deep: Pacific Coast Wave Energy
Citation: 24 University of Oregon Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 7 (2009)

Author: Jeffry S. Hinman
Title: SYMPOSIUM, The Green Economic Recovery: Wind Energy Tax Policy after Financial Crisis and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009
Citation: 24 University of Oregon Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 35 (2009)

Author: L. Preston Bryant, Jr.
Title: SYMPOSIUM, How the Kaine Administration is Moving Towards a More Sustainable Virginia: Energy Efficiency and Planning, Climate Change Strategies, and Strategic Investment
Citation: 27 Virginia Environmental Law Journal 165 (2009)

Author: John Hanger
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Keynote Address at the Widener Law Journal Symposium (Sustainable Energy: The Intersection of Innovation, Law, and Policy)
Citation: 18 Widener Law Journal 817 (2009)

Author: Gary E. Marchant
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Sustainable Energy Technologies: Ten Lessons from the History of Technology Regulation
Citation: 18 Widener Law Journal 831 (2009)

Author: Robert A. Reiley
Title: SYMPOSIUM, Financial Incentives and the Leadership Role Taken by Pennsylvania and Other States to Bring Green Energy to the Free Market
Citation: 18 Widener Law Journal 897 (2009)

June 11, 2009

Author: Giancarlo Guardia Gonzalez
Title: The Camisea Project: Developing Legal Frameworks for Avoiding Social and Environmental Conflicts in Sensitive Areas
Citation: 31 Houston Journal of International Law 213 (2009)

Author: Martin Lythgoe
Title: Renewable Generation in Argentina: Past Failures and a Plan for Future Success
Citation: 31 Houston Journal of International Law 263 (2009)

Author: Natalie Jean Kurz
Title: COMMENT, Corn Ethanol: Setting Straight a Misguided Attempt to Free the United States from Foreign Oil
Citation: 31 Houston Journal of International Law 377 (2009)

Author: Carlos J. Moreno
Title: COMMENT, Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in the Gulf of Guinea: Can the New Gulf Be Green?
Citation: 31 Houston Journal of International Law 419 (2009)

Author: Parker Clote
Title: COMMENT, Implications of Global Warming on State Sovereignty and Arctic Resources Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: How the Arctic is No Longer Communis Omnium Naturali Juri
Citation: 8 Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business 195 (2009)

Author: F. Robert Buchanan and Syed Tariq Anwar
Title: Resource Nationalism and the Changing Business Model for Global Oil
Citation: 10 The Journal of World Investment and Trade 241 (2009)

Author: Bayo Adaralegbe
Title: Foreign Private Participation in the Electric Sector of Developing Countries: What Works? An Examination of Nigeria's Reformed Electricity Sector
Citation: 10 The Journal of World Investment and Trade 269 (2009)

June 4, 2009

Author: Jacqueline Peel
Title: Climate Change Law: The Emergence of a New Legal Discipline
Citation: 32 Melbourne University Law Review 922 (2008)

June 1, 2009

Author: John Gray
Title: COMMENT, Choosing the Nuclear Option: The Case for a Strong Regulatory Response to Encourage Nuclear Energy Development
Citation: 41 Arizona State Law Review 315 (2009)

Author: Maria Savasta-Kennedy
Title: The Newest Hybrid: Notes Toward Standardized Certification of Carbon Offsets
Citation: 34 North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 851 (2009)

Author: Cymie Payne
Title: Local Meets Global: The Low Carbon Fuel Standard and the WPO
Citation: 34 North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 891 (2009)

Author: Alexandra Harrington
Title: Regional Commons: An Assessment of the Impact of the Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol on the Organization of American States and Association of South East Asia Nations and Suggestions for the Role of Regionalism in International Environmental Law
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 29 (2008)

Author: Jessica Moland
Title: Robbing Peter to Pay Paul: Why Ethanol Production Must Be Regulated and How to Do It
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 53 (2008)

Author: William Mack
Title: A Wind Park off the Delaware Coast: Renewable Energy Clears a Significant Hurdle
Citation: 16 University of Baltimore Journal of Environmental Law 83 (2008)

Author: Samuel S. Bacon
Title: Why Waste Water? A Bifurcated Proposal for Managing, Utilizing, and Profiting from Coalbed Methane Discharged Water
Citation: 80 University of Colorado Law Review 571 (2009)

May 28, 2009

Author: Meinhard Doelle
Title: Role of Strategic Environmental Assessments in Energy Governance: A Case Study of Tidal Energy in Nova Scotia's Bay of Fundy
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Law 112 (2009)

Author: Helle Tegner Anker, Brigette Egelund Olsen, and Anita Rønne
Title: Wind Energy and the Law: A Comparative Analysis
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Law 145 (2009)

Author: Evaristus Oshionebo
Title: World Bank and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources in Developing Countries
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Law 193 (2009)

Author: Caroline Van den Bergh
Title: Reciprocity Clause and International Trade Law
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Law 228 (2009)

Author: Andrey Konoplyanik
Title: A Common Russia-EU Energy Space: The New EU-RUSSIA Partnership Agreement, Acquis Communautaire and the Energy Charter
Citation: 27 Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Law 258 (2009)

Author: Patrick M. Garry, Candice J. Spurlin, and Derek A. Nelsen
Title: Wind Energy in Indian Country: A Study of the Challenges and Opportunities Facing South Dakota Tribes
Citation: 54 South Dakota Law Review 448 (2009)